In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil Extracted from Leaves of Leoheo domatiophorus Chaowasku, D.T. Ngo and H.T. Le in Vietnam

Nhan Trong Le ¹,Duc Viet Ho ¹,Tuan Quoc Doan ¹,Anh Tuan Le ²,Ain Raal ³,Donatella Usai ⁴,Silvia Madeddu ⁷,Mauro Marchetti ⁵,Marianna Usai ⁶,Paola Rappelli ⁴,Nicia Diaz ⁴,Stefania Zanetti ⁴,Hoai Thi Nguyen ^1,*,Piero Cappuccinelli ^4,* andMatthew Gavino Donadu ^4,6

1Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue 49000, Viet Nam

²Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, VAST, Hue 49000, Viet Nam

³Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50900 Tartu, Estonia

⁴Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy

⁵CNR, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Li Punti, 07100 Sassari, Italy

⁶Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy

⁷Department of Biomedical Science, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato CA, Italy

^*Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Plants 2020, 9(4), 453; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9040453

Received: 2 March 2020 / Revised: 26 March 2020 / Accepted: 1 April 2020 / Published: 3 April 2020

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Compounds in Plants)

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Abstract

The present study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of leaves-extracted essential oil of Leoheo domatiophorus Chaowasku, D.T. Ngo and H.T. Le (L. domatiophorus), including antibacterial, antimycotic, antitrichomonas and antiviral effects. The essential oil was obtained using hydrodistillation, with an average yield of 0.34 ± 0.01% (v/w, dry leaves). There were 52 constituents as identified by GC/MS with available authentic standards, representing 96.74% of the entire leaves oil. The essential oil was comprised of three main components, namely viridiflorene (16.47%), (-)-δ-cadinene (15.58%) and γ-muurolene (8.00%). The oil showed good antimicrobial activities against several species: Gram-positive strains: Staphylococcus aureus (two strains) and Enterococcus faecalis, with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Lethal Concentration (MLC) values from 0.25 to 1% (v/v); Gram-negative strains such as Escherichia coli (two strains), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (two strains) and Klebsiella pneumoniae, with MIC and MLC values between 2% and 8% (v/v); and finally Candida species, having MIC and MLC between 0.12 and 4% (v/v).Antitrichomonas activity of the oil was also undertaken, showing IC₅₀, IC₉₀ and MLC values of 0.008%, 0.016% and 0.03% (v/v), respectively, after 48h of incubation. The essential oil resultedin being completely ineffective against tested viruses, ssRNA+ (HIV-1, YFV, BVDV, Sb-1, CV-B4), ssRNA- (hRSVA2, VSV), dsRNA (Reo-1), and dsDNA (HSV-1, VV) viruses with EC₅₀ values over 100 µg/mL. This is the first, yet comprehensive, scientific report about the chemical composition and pharmacological properties of the essential oil in L. domatiophorus. View Full-Text

Keywords: antimicrobial activity; new anti-infectious agents; essential oil; phytochemicals